Rohini Vrat is an important fasting ritual observed by Jain women, primarily from the Shwetambar sect, to seek the long life and prosperity of their husbands, health, and family well-being.
The fast, dedicated to Lord Vasupujya (the 12th Tirthankara of Jainism), is observed when the Rohini Nakshatra (lunar mansion) is dominant. In 2024, Rohini Vrat holds immense significance due to its connection to spiritual dedication and familial unity.
This article provides an in-depth look at the date, timing, rituals, history, and significance of Rohini Vrat in 2024.
Rohini Vrat 2024: Date and Time
The exact observance of Rohini Vrat depends on the presence of the Rohini Nakshatra. The Vrat is typically observed once every 27 days when this specific Nakshatra becomes prevalent. Below are the significant dates for Rohini Vrat in 2024:
| Month | Date |
| January 2024 Rohini Vrat | January 21, 2024, Sunday |
| February 2024 Rohini Vrat | February 18, 2024, Sunday |
| March 2024 Rohini Vrat | March 16, 2024, Saturday |
| April 2024 Rohini Vrat | April 12, 2024, Friday |
| May 2024 Rohini Vrat | May 10, 2024, Friday |
| June 2024 Rohini Vrat | June 6, 2024, Thursday |
| July 2024 Rohini Vrat | July 3, 2024, Wednesday |
| July 2024 Rohini Vrat | July 31, 2024, Wednesday |
| August 2024 Rohini Vrat | August 27, 2024, Tuesday |
| September 2024 Rohini Vrat | September 23, 2024, Monday |
| October 2024 Rohini Vrat | October 21, 2024, Monday |
| November 2024 Rohini Vrat | November 17, 2024, Sunday |
| December 2024 Rohini Vrat | December 14, 2024, Saturday |
Timing for Rohini Vrat
The precise time for starting the fast on each of these dates is determined by the rising of the Rohini Nakshatra. Traditionally, the fast begins at sunrise and concludes with the next day's sunrise when the Nakshatra subsides. Observers usually consult Jain Panchangs (calendars) or astrological tools to identify the exact Nakshatra timings.
Rituals of Rohini Vrat
Rituals associated with Rohini Vrat are deeply rooted in Jain customs and hold great religious importance. While the rituals can vary slightly by region, the core practices remain consistent. Here’s a detailed look at the key rituals:
1. Fasting
Rohini Vrat is primarily marked by the practice of fasting. Fasters abstain from consuming grains and solid food, sticking to water or minimal food that does not involve killing or violence (as per Jain principles of Ahimsa or non-violence).
In some cases, women may undertake a full-day fast, consuming only boiled water throughout the day.
2. Puja and Offerings
Devotees begin the day with a holy bath and purification rituals before performing a puja (worship) dedicated to Lord Vasupujya.
Offerings of flowers, rice, sandalwood paste, and fruits are made. Special prayers are recited to seek blessings for family welfare, especially for the husband’s health and longevity.
3. Chanting of Jain Mantras
Mantras dedicated to Lord Vasupujya and other Tirthankaras play a central role in Rohini Vrat observance.
Devotees recite the Navkar Mantra (a universal Jain mantra) and other hymns specific to the occasion. Chanting the mantras during the Nakshatra is believed to amplify spiritual merit and help one attain purification and inner peace.
4. Charitable Deeds
In keeping with Jain teachings of compassion and charity, many women engage in acts of kindness on Rohini Vrat.
Distributing food, clothing, or financial aid to the needy is common. Charity is seen as a vital aspect of this Vrat, promoting a sense of humility and community service.
5. Storytelling and Spiritual Reading
During Rohini Vrat, devotees often read or listen to religious stories and texts. The most prominent story associated with Rohini Vrat revolves around Queen Madanlekha, who observed this Vrat with dedication and was blessed with divine protection for her family. Reading such stories helps strengthen the spiritual resolve of the observer.
6. Breaking the Fast
The fast is broken the following day, usually after the Nakshatra has waned, by consuming a simple vegetarian meal.
This marks the conclusion of the spiritual observance and the resumption of regular daily activities, albeit with renewed devotion.
History of Rohini Vrat
The origins of Rohini Vrat are deeply connected to Jain religious history and mythology. According to legend, the Vrat was first observed by Queen Madanlekha, the wife of King Dharmveer.
The story recounts how the queen, through her unwavering devotion and dedication to the Vrat, protected her husband from adversity. Her steadfast faith and commitment inspired other Jain women to adopt this practice.
Over time, Rohini Vrat evolved into a significant observance in the Jain community, especially for women, symbolizing their role as nurturers and protectors of family values. It is also seen as a reflection of Jain values such as Ahimsa (non-violence), Aparigraha (non-attachment), and Satya (truth).
The association with Lord Vasupujya, the 12th Tirthankara, adds a spiritual dimension to the Vrat. Vasupujya is revered for his wisdom, renunciation, and commitment to the path of liberation.
By dedicating the Vrat to him, devotees hope to attain spiritual benefits, including detachment from materialism and greater awareness of the self.
Significance of Rohini Vrat
The significance of Rohini Vrat extends beyond just a religious fast. It represents a holistic practice that combines physical discipline, spiritual elevation, and ethical conduct.
The Vrat is not merely about abstaining from food but is an opportunity to reflect on one’s role in the family and society and to cultivate virtues like patience, compassion, and humility.
1. Promoting Longevity and Family Welfare
The primary objective of Rohini Vrat is the well-being and longevity of the husband and the family.
Jain women believe that by observing this Vrat with full devotion, they can safeguard their families from illness, financial hardship, and other adversities. The fast is also seen as a way to foster harmony within the household.
2. Spiritual Growth
Rohini Vrat is an opportunity for personal spiritual growth. Fasting, prayer, and meditation help observers develop discipline and self-control.
The practice encourages women to move away from worldly desires and focus on their spiritual journey, seeking the ultimate goal of liberation (Moksha), which is the cornerstone of Jainism.
3. Emphasis on Ahimsa and Compassion
As with all Jain observances, Rohini Vrat emphasizes the principle of non-violence (Ahimsa). Observers are mindful not just of abstaining from food but of leading a life that minimizes harm to other beings.
This includes charitable acts, kindness to animals, and non-violent practices in daily life, reinforcing the fundamental Jain tenet of universal compassion.
4. Strengthening of the Community
Rohini Vrat fosters a sense of unity and belonging within the Jain community. Women come together to observe the Vrat, share religious stories, and engage in collective prayers.
This communal aspect strengthens social bonds and creates an environment of mutual support and encouragement.
5. Connection to Jain Cosmology
The timing of the Vrat, based on the Rohini Nakshatra, ties the observance to Jain cosmology and astrology.
By aligning their fast with cosmic movements, devotees believe they are harmonizing with the universe’s natural rhythms, thereby gaining cosmic favor and spiritual balance.
How to Observe Rohini Vrat in Modern Times
In contemporary society, Rohini Vrat remains an integral part of Jain tradition, but its observance has adapted to modern-day lifestyles. While many women still observe the Vrat with full-day fasting and prayer, others may opt for less rigorous forms of fasting, depending on their health and daily obligations. However, the focus on devotion, charity, and spiritual growth remains unchanged.
Women who cannot physically attend temples due to distance or health may engage in home-based rituals, using online resources to participate in virtual satsangs (spiritual discourses) or pujas. Modern technology has allowed the spirit of the Vrat to flourish even in distant Jain communities.
Conclusion
Rohini Vrat, observed with unwavering faith and devotion, serves as a powerful reminder of the virtues of selflessness, spirituality, and compassion. For Jain women, this Vrat not only ensures the well-being of their families but also offers them a path to spiritual growth.
As we approach the dates for Rohini Vrat in 2024, the significance of this ancient tradition remains as relevant as ever, bridging the gap between the material and the spiritual, the individual and the cosmos.
In a world constantly evolving, the timeless values enshrined in Rohini Vrat—family, charity, spiritual discipline—continue to guide generations of Jain women, offering them peace, fulfillment, and the hope of eternal liberation.